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The concept of total war moved geography and economics into prominent positions in Nazi thinking. The country at war would be led by a supreme military commander, and strategy would dictate policy. He envisaged total mobilization of manpower and resources for war. The classic 20th-century work on total war was Erich Ludendorff’s Der totale Krieg (1935 The “Total” War), based on the author’s experience in directing Germany’s war effort in World War I. His 19th-century admirers tended to overlook his insistence that the conduct of war must be strictly controlled by attainable political objectives. Clausewitz also stressed the importance of crushing the adversary’s forces in battle. In his major work Vom Kriege ( On War), he rejected the limited objectives of 18th-century warfare, in which winning local military victories was regarded as the key to advantageous diplomatic bargaining, and described wars as tending constantly to escalate in violence toward a theoretical absolute. The modern concept of total war can be traced to the writings of the 19th-century Prussian military strategist Carl von Clausewitz, who denied that wars could be fought by laws. The most deadly conflicts have been fought on ideological grounds in revolutions and civil and religious wars. Simple territorial aggrandizement has not, for the most part, brought about total commitments to war. Throughout history, limitations on the scope of warfare have been more economic and social than political. Total war, military conflict in which the contenders are willing to make any sacrifice in lives and other resources to obtain a complete victory, as distinguished from limited war. SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them!

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